Manuel da Silva Passos, mais conhecido por Passos Manuel.
João das Regras?
João das Regras (ou, como então surge referenciado nas crónicas, João das Regas), jurisconsulto, nascido em data desconhecida em Lisboa, onde faleceu em 3 de Maio de 1404. Filho de João Afonso das Regras e de Sentil Esteves e, após o segundo casamento da sua mãe, enteado de Álvaro Pais, perpetuou o seu nome em virtude da magistral representação da causa do mestre de Avis nas cortes de Coimbra de 1385, cujo corolário foi a aclamação de D. João I como rei de Portugal.De acordo com Fernão Lopes esteve em Bolonha, e é verosímil que tenha estudado na universidade daquela cidade de Itália. Foi professor da Universidade de Lisboa, onde mais tarde desempenhou o alto cargo de encarregado ou protector, equivalente, segundo alguns, ao cargo de reitor (Carta Régia de 25 de Outubro de 1400). Tal como o seu padrasto, teve uma acção importante no levantamento de Lisboa que alçou o mestre de Avis por regedor e defensor do Reino. Conselheiro e chanceler do mestre, a sua acção na crise de 1383-1385 culminou na inteligente argumentação em que, omitindo o nome do mestre, negou validade às pretensões dos outros candidatos ao trono.A D. Beatriz, filha do falecido rei de Portugal, nega o dr. João das Regras quaisquer direitos por nulidade do casamento de D. Fernando com Leonor Teles, que era já casada com João Lourenço da Cunha quando o rei a desposou; por incerteza quanto paternidade de D. Fernando, dado o comportamento irregular de Leonor Teles; por haver contraído um casamento com o rei D. João I de Castela, seu parente (a mãe do rei de Castela era tia-avó de D. Beatriz) sem a dispensa do papa legítimo Urbano IV, em vez do antipapa Clemente VII; Ao rei de Castela, por ser herege, refuta João das Regras o direito a ser rei de Portugal pois reconhecera o antipapa e fora excomungado pelo legítimo papa; porque o seu parentesco com o rei D. Fernando se dava pela linha feminina (as suas mães eram irmãs), o que pelo direito consuetudinário hispânico não dava direitos de sucessão. Os infantes D. Dinis e D. João, filhos de el-rei D. Pedro I e de Inês de Castro, portanto, irmãos de D. Fernando, não podiam ter direito ao trono porque eram ilegítimos: D. Pedro nunca casara com Inês de Castro; além disso fizeram guerra contra Portugal aliados a Henrique II e a D. João I de Castela. Inteligentemente, a sua estratégia demonstrara que o trono estava vago pois nenhum dos pretendentes tinha direito ele. Pertencia assim às cortes escolher livremente um novo rei, sendo o mestre, «per unida concordança de todolos grandes e comum poboo» aclamado rei de Portugal.O rei concedeu muitas mercês ao dr. João das regras: fê-lo cavaleiro de sua casa, senhor das vilas de Castelo Rodrigo, Tarouca e Beldigem; senhor de Cascais e seu termo, do reguengo de Oeiras, das dízimas das sentenças condenatórias de Évora, da jurisdição da Lourinhã e das rendas da portagem de Beja. Fernão Lopes refere-se a ele «como notável barom, comprido de ciência [e] mui grande letrado em leis[...]». Jaz sepultado na igreja de S. Domingos de Benfica, em Lisboa.
General Mark Wayne Clark served as commander of United Nations (U.N). Forces in Korea from May 12, 1952, to October 7, 1953, and signed the Military Armistice Agreement on behalf of the U.N. Command with the North Korean Army and the Chinese People’s Volunteers at Munsan-ni, Korea, July 27, 1953. The son of a career infantry officer, Clark was born in Madison Barracks, New York, and spent much of his youth in the Chicago suburb of Highland Park, near Fort Sheridan. With the assistance of his aunt, Zettie Marshall (the mother of General George C. Marshall), Clark secured, at age 17, an early appointment to the U.S. Military Academy. A tall, lean, and often sickly youth, Clark failed to distinguish himself at West Point as either an athlete or scholar, graduating 110th in a class of 139 in 1917. Following graduation, he was commissioned a second lieutenant and assigned to the infantry. Severe health problems, which troubled him throughout his youth, caused him to be hospitalized and set him behind his classmates. Nevertheless, he was promoted to captain in August 1917, and saw action with the 11th Infantry in France, where he was wounded in action and later decorated for bravery. Returning to the United States in 1919, Clark held various peacetime assignments, speaking on the Chautauqua circuit in 1921, and assuming posts in the Office of the Assistant Secretary of War (1929-33), where he served as an instructor. Clark graduated from the Command and General Staff School at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, in 1935, and served as deputy chief of staff for the Civilian Conservation Corps, VII Corps area at Omaha, Nebraska, prior to entering the Army War College, from which he graduated in 1937. In 1940, as World War II approached, Clark, a lieutenant colonel assigned to Fort Lewis, Washington, was on the verge of meteoric rise, in part due to his close acquaintance with George Marshall and his longtime friendship with Dwight D. Eisenhower. In August 1941, Clark was named assistant chief of staff for operations of the general headquarters, U.S. Army, and a month after the American entry into the war, Clark was appointed deputy chief of staff of Army Ground Forces, and less than six months later, chief of staff. In October 1942, Clark became deputy commander in chief of the Allied Forces in the North African Theater and subsequently planned the invasion of North Africa. Prior to the invasion, he made a secret trip by submarine to the North African coast to meet with friendly French officers in the German-occupied territories. Clark’s personal account of this dramatic and dangerous rendezvous brought him considerable public attention. As deputy commander of Anglo-American invasion forces, Clark took into protective custody the opportunistic Adm. Jean Francois Darlan, the highest-ranking French officer in French North Africa, and induced him to renounce the Vichy government. In 1943, Clark commanded the Fifth Army in the Italian Campaign, the first to be activated in the European Theater, leading the force in the capture of Naples October 1, 1943, and Rome on June 4, 1944. As commander of the 15th Army Group, comprised of American and British forces, he accepted the surrender of German forces in Italy and Austria in May 1945. In June of that year he was appointed commander in chief of the U.S. occupation forces in Austria, and U.S. high commissioner for Austria. He served as deputy to the U.S. secretary of state in 1947, and attended the negotiations for an Austrian treaty with the Council of Foreign Ministers in London and Moscow. In June 1947, Clark returned home and assumed command of the Sixth Army, headquartered at the Presidio in San Francisco, and two years later was named chief of Army Field Forces. At the end of World War II, Clark stood with Eisenhower, Generals George S. Patton, and Omar N. Bradley as a leading American commander in the European Theater. While he was much admired by his personal staff, others found him self-seeking, vainglorious, arrogant, and too concerned about gaining publicity. In 1948, his superior, General Jacob L. Devers, chief of Army Field Forces, evaluated Clark as “a cold, distinguished, conceited, selfish, clever, intellectual, resourceful officer. . . . Very ambitious.” The general also noted that Clark “secures excellent results quickly” and gave him a “superior” performance rating. Although he held some of his British wartime counterparts in contempt, Clark managed to impress Churchill and other European leaders. Charles DeGaulle, oddly, called him “simple and direct,” and Clark’s blunt appraisal of the Soviets and his well-publicized calls for greater American military preparedness in the early years of the Cold War earned him more admirers than critics during his service in Austria.
