Just how good is China's new 'stealth' fighter?By Reuben F. Johnson, special for CNN
Editor's note: Reuben F. Johnson is a correspondent for IHS Jane's Defence Weekly, a publication devoted to defense and security intelligence and analysis. The views expressed are his own.
Zhuhai, Guangdong Province (CNN) -- Zhuhai's Air Show has always been a venue for surprises, usually first-time showings of advanced Chinese military hardware.
China's pathologically secretive defense industry normally shows nothing official of its weapons programs to anyone, which makes the biennial Zhuhai expo the only chance to see what its weapons makers have been up to.
Much has been written in the past few years about China's defense sector developing increasingly more capable weapons systems that approach the capability of their U.S. and European analogues.
Some Chinese weapons, such as a full range of anti-ship and air-to-surface missiles, seem to show that its military -- the People's Liberation Army (PLA) -- is equipped to challenge U.S. Navy carrier battle groups and potentially deny the U.S. the ability to operate in certain areas of the Pacific. But questions remain about how battle-ready the PLA is and whether it can function in a modern, network-centric warfare environment.
Battlefield autonomy
Today's battlefield operates on the premise that autonomy should be pushed down to the lowest level -- even down to the man in the field -- because time is of the essence. Getting inside of the enemy's "decision loop" is the key to victory. But, giving individual units the ability to make their own tactical decisions without their orders being delivered from several layers up the chain of command is an anathema to the "control uber alles" mentality of the Chinese leadership.
China's Shenyang FC-31 fighter
China's Shenyang FC-31 fighter A Chinese J-31 stealth fighter jet takes off for a demonstration flight on November 9, in Zhuhai, China. China's air force is set to debut its newest fighter jet this week at Airshow China. The air show, held once every two years, aims to showcase the country's aviation power and this year coincides with a meeting in Beijing of leaders of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum, including U.S. President Barack Obama. J-10 fighter jets of the Bayi Aerobatic Team of the Peoples Liberation Army Air Force perform during the air show on Tuesday, November 11, 2014. Pilots climb into a J-10 fighter jet on Tuesday, November 11, 2014. A guard stands by a Chinese-made drone at Airshow China on Tuesday, November 11. Chinese-made J-6 Bomber on display at Airshow China on Tuesday, November 11. J-10 fighter jets perform at the Airshow China 2014 in Zhuhai, south China's Guangdong province on Tuesday, November 11. A new C919 airliner is celebrated on July 31 in Chengdu, China. The 168-seat C919, being built by the Shanghai-based Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China, is supposed to someday be the nucleus of a fleet of Chinese-built passenger aircraft. Currently, at least two new Chinese fighter jets are being developed, including the Chengdu J-20, a successor to the Chengdu J-10 fighter jet shown in Beijing on December 4, 2013. China builds fleets of fighters and bombers almost exclusively for the People's Liberation Army and with very few foreign clients. Here, a Chinese-made Shenyang fighter jet is on display at the People's Liberation Army Aviation Museum in Beijing on December 4, 2013. The Yi Long drone by the China Aviation Industry Corp. is shown at the 2012 air show. A soldier stands guard next to planes displayed during the airshow on November 13, 2012. While most Western aircraft manufacturers stay aloft thanks to sales of commercial jets, China's state-funded aerospace industry is heavily geared toward the military. China's J-10 fighter jets perform during the 2010 airshow on November 17, 2010. The day before the show China won orders for 100 of its large, domestically built passenger jets, challenging industry giants Airbus and Boeing in what will soon be the world's largest aviation market. China takes flightChina takes flightChina takes flightChina takes flightChina takes flightChina takes flightChina takes flightChina takes flightChina takes flightChina takes flightChina takes flightChina takes flightHIDE CAPTION<<< 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 >>>
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In terms of new weapons, the number one attraction at Zhuhai this year was the new Shenyang FC-31 fighter. It has generated a good deal of excitement as it's the first time a new Chinese military aircraft has been unveiled while still in the early stages of development -- we usually have to wait until after they start serving in the PLA's air force.
The FC-31 is designed to look like a stealth fighter aircraft in the class of the American Lockheed Martin F-35 Joint Strike Fighter. It is also the second, but smaller, stealth-type design to be developed by China. The FC-31's "Big Brother," the Chengdu J-20, first flew in January 2011 but has been shrouded in secrecy ever since.
The FC-31 "looks" stealthy and its shape mimics that of the F-35 in some respects. But it is impossible to tell just how successful the Shenyang design team has been in developing an aircraft with a low radar cross section without knowing the materials used, the placement of the engines inside the aircraft, and how well the heat signature from the engines has been suppressed by the design of the exhaust nozzle section.
Flawed design?
Like other PLAAF fighter aircraft, the FC-31 is powered by Russian-made jet engines, in this case two Klimov RD-93 models, which are a specialized variant of the same engine that powers the famous Mikoyan "MiG-29." There have been rumors that a team of renegade designers from the Mikoyan bureau in Moscow assisted Shenyang in the development of the aircraft, but a senior MiG official stated "no, as far as I know they [the Chinese] completed this design themselves, and they seem to have done a good job on their own."
The MiG official may be correct. An aircraft of this type designed with Russian assistance would probably perform better.
The FC-31's flight routine shows that it "bleeds" too much energy -- so when it enters into a turn it begins to lose altitude. Even during straight and level flight the pilot has to engage the engine's afterburners in order to keep the aircraft from sinking to a lower altitude. These are defects in the aircraft's aerodynamic design that a Russian design team would not have made.
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Western aerospace analysts point out that the FC-31 flown at Zhuhai is a "clean" jet in that it is not armed, which means that an aircraft configured for a real mission and fitted with weapons would be even heavier and would perform even worse.
Timing a coincidence?
So, why has the PLAAF chosen to exhibit an aircraft that is either overweight, underpowered or both?
It could be an oblique signal to Washington timed to coincide with President Barack Obama's visit to Beijing for the APEC summit. The underlying message: "China is stronger than you think."
This would not be the first such example of China trying to use its defense industry to flex its muscles. In January 2011, when the J-20 first flew, then-U.S. Defense Secretary Robert Gates was in Beijing for an official visit. His read was that the timing of the two events was in no way coincidental.
Unfortunately for the PLA, the gesture falls flat.
Many would have been more impressed by the FC-31 in photos posted on Chinese websites than after seeing it actually fly at the air show.
Looks can be deceiving, as they say.
http://edition.cnn.com/2014/11/13/world ... hpt=hp_mid
